Operators

 

Operators are used in C++ to perform desired operations on particular values or variables.

 

C++ operators are classified into the following categories:

 

• Arithmetic operators

• Assignment operators

• Relational operators

• Logical operators

• Bitwise operators

 

The order of priority given to these operators are:

Assignment > Arithmetic > Relational > Logical > Bitwise

 

Arithmetic Operators:

 

Operator	Name	Description	Example
+	Addition	Adds two values	x + y
-	Subtraction	Subtracts one value from another	x - y
*	Multiplication	Multiplies two values	x * y
/	Division	Divides one value from another	x / y
%	Modulus	Returns the division remainder	x % y
++	Increment	Increases the value of a variable by 1	++x
--	Decrement	Decreases the value of a variable by 1	--x

 

Assignment Operators

These are used to assign values to variables. Often the short hand properties are used to simplify the code.

 

Short Hand  Operator	Example	Same As
=	x = 5	x = 5
+=	x += 3	x = x + 3
- =	x - = 3	x = x - 3
*=	x *= 3	x = x * 3
/=	x /= 3	x = x / 3
%=	x %= 3	x = x % 3
^=	x ^= 3	x = x ^ 3
>>=	x >>= 3	x = x >> 3
<<=	x <<= 3	x = x << 3

 

Relational Operators

These are used to compare to values. These return values as either true (1) or false (0)

 

Operator	Name	Description	Example
&&	Logical AND	Returns 1 only if both statements are true	x=5 && x < 10
||	Logical OR	Returns 1 if any one of the statements is true	x < 5 || x < 8
!	Logical NOT	Inverts the given result. Output is 1 for false and 0 for true.	!(x < 5 && x < 10)

 

Bitwise Operator

Steps to performing Bitwise Operation

1. Convert the numbers into Binary

2. Perform Operation

3. Convert answer into Decimal

 

Operator	Name	Description	Example
&	Bitwise AND	Performs AND in binary	5&7=5
|	Bitwise OR	Perform OR in binary	5|7=7
^	Bitwise XOR	Performs XOR in binary	5^7=2
<<	Left shift	Shifts one bit to the left	6<<1=12
>>	Right shift	Shifts one bit to the right	6>>1=3

 

Note:(shortcut for left and right shift)

For left shift multiply the number by 2 for right shift divide the number by 2