Strings
Strings are a collection of characters joint together. They are defined within double quotes. In order to include strings in C++ it is necessary to declare an additional header file <string>.
Syntax:
string name_of_the_string= "text"
Example:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str1 = "string";
cout << str1;
return 0;
}
Output:
string
Note: A string in C++ is actually an object, which contain functions that can perform certain operations on strings.
String Length
The length of a string is found using the length() function
Example:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string txt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
cout << "The length of the txt string is: " << txt.length();
return 0;
}
Access Characters of a string
We know that a string is an array of characters. Hence a particular character of a string can be accessed by the index number inside the square brackets[ ]. These signify the position of the character.
Example:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string my_String = "Hello";
cout << my_String[2];
return 0;
}
Output: l //Which is the third element of the string
Alter string characters
Index numbers inside square brackets can be used to change string character.
Example
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string myString = "Food";
myString[0] = 'G;
cout << myString;
return 0;
}
Output: Good //G replaced with F
Input a string from a User
Example:
string firstName;
cout << "Type your first name";
cin >>firstName;//Scaning a string
cout <<"Your first name is<<firstName;
Output:
Type your first name Geetanjali
Your first name is Geetanjali
Note: The cin function will only read a single word and the not multiple words. Hence only the first word will be displayed.
String Concatenation
'+' operator is used to add string together.
Example:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
string firstName = "Geetanjali";
string lastName = "Purohit";
string fullName = firstName + lastName;
cout << fullName;
return 0;
}
Output:
GeetanjaliPurohit
Note:
Results of Concatenation
Number + Number = Number
String + String = String
Number + String = Error